ISTQB Foundation Level 3.1 (RETIRED)

Let's break down these objectives and knowledge units (KU) into a structured learning path, addressing each one individually:

Static Testing (K1)LO-3.1.2

Value of Static Testing (K2)LO-3.1.3 Static testing techniques are employed to detect defects in software without executing the code. These techniques are part of the early stages of the development lifecycle and can significantly reduce the number of defects that reach later stages, such as integration and deployment. Static analysis tools automatically analyze the source code for potential bugs, security vulnerabilities, coding standard violations, code complexity, and code structure. The early detection of issues allows for more cost-effective corrections.

Difference between Static and Dynamic Techniques (K2)

• Objectives: Static testing is performed during the design and implementation phases to find defects in code without running it. Dynamic testing, on the other hand, is executed by running the software with test data to identify defects as the software behaves under different conditions.
• Types of Defects: Static techniques detect issues such as syntax errors, semantic errors, and potential security vulnerabilities, while dynamic techniques uncover runtime errors, performance bottlenecks, and integration issues.
• Role in Software Lifecycle: Static testing is a proactive method that fits into the early stages of development (design and coding), whereas dynamic testing is more reactive, used during later stages such as integration, system, and acceptance testing.

Review Process (K1)LO-3.2.1 to LO-3.2.5

Activities of the Work Product Review Process (K2)LO-3.2.1 The work product review process involves preparing for the review, conducting the review itself, and then following up on the identified issues. This includes planning the review, selecting participants, distributing work products prior to the review, performing the review session, identifying and documenting discrepancies or defects, and finally, tracking the resolution of these items.

Roles and Responsibilities in a Formal Review (K1)LO-3.2.2

• Chairperson: Leads the meeting, ensures that all agenda items are covered, keeps the review on track, and handles conflict resolution.
• Scribe: Documents the review findings and actions.
• Reviewers: Identify problems or discrepancies in the work product under review.
• Author: Presents the work product and responds to questions and comments from the reviewers.

Types of Review (K3)LO-3.2.3

• Informal Review: Usually less formal, often a discussion between two or more individuals.
• Walkthrough: A step-by-step presentation of a work product by its author, accompanied by review questions from the attendees.
• Technical Review (or Inspection): A structured, group activity where the work product is examined systematically against a set of predefined standards or criteria.

Factors for a Successful Review (K2)LO-3.2.5 For a review to be successful, it should have clear objectives, high-quality documents to review, a knowledgeable and engaged group of reviewers, and a supportive environment that encourages open communication and issue identification.

Test Techniques (K1-K3) Chapter 4

Characteristics of Test Techniques (K2)LO-4.1.1

• Black-box Techniques: Test without knowledge of internal workings; focus on external behavior and interfaces, often used early in the testing process.
• White-box Techniques: Test based on knowledge of the system's architecture or code structure; ensure the internal logic and code coverages are correct.
• Grey-box Techniques: Combines elements of both black-box and white-box testing; typically used when some knowledge of internal workings is available, but not complete.

Black-box Testing (K3)LO-4.2 to LO-4.5

• Equivalence Partitioning: Divide input values into partitions of equivalent data and test representatively from each partition.
• Boundary Value Analysis (BVA): Test input values at or near the boundaries of the domain or range for which the system is designed to operate.
• Decision Table Testing: Use a decision table that maps out different conditions leading to specific outputs, ensuring all possible combinations are tested.
• State Transition Diagrams: Test each state transition to ensure the software behaves correctly as it moves from one state to another.
• Use Case Testing: Derive test cases from use cases, focusing on critical paths through the system.

White-box Testing (K3)LO-4.6 to LO-4.7

• Statement Coverage: Ensure that every statement in the source code is executed at least once during testing.
• Decision Coverage: Ensure that each branch or outcome of a decision is tested at least once.
• Path Coverage: Ensure that all possible paths through the code are executed.

Tool Support for Testing (K1-K3) Chapter 6

Test Tool Considerations (K2)LO-6.1.1 When selecting test tools, consider factors such as compatibility with your project's technology stack, ease of use, scalability, cost, and community support. The chosen tool should align with the team's skill levels and the project's objectives.

Benefits and Risks of Test Automation (K1)LO-6.1.2 Automation can significantly increase efficiency and consistency in the testing process, but it also requires upfront investment in tooling and development effort. It may also introduce complexity or create a false sense of security if not managed properly.

Success Factors for Evaluating Tools (K1)LO-6.2.1 to LO-6.2.3 The evaluation, implementation, deployment, and on-going support of test tools should be approached with consideration of factors such as the organization's readiness for change, training requirements, integration capabilities with existing systems, and a clear understanding of the return on investment (ROI). Pilot projects can be an effective way to evaluate new tools before full-scale adoption.

By following this structured approach, you can systematically cover all the knowledge units and objectives listed in the ISTQB syllabus for the Certified Tester program. Each KU builds upon the previous ones, creating a comprehensive understanding of software testing practices and principles.